Acid Base

 

Formulae

Whole Body Responses to Simple Acid-Base Disturbances

Disorder Equation
Metabolic Acidosis ΔPaCO2 ~= 1.2ΔHCO3-
Metabolic Alkalosis ΔPaCO2 ~= 0.7ΔHCO3-
Respiratory Acidosis
     Acute ΔH+ ~= 0.75ΔPaCO2
     Chronic ΔH+ ~= 0.30ΔPaCO2
Respiratory Alkalosis
     Acute ΔH+ ~= 0.75ΔPaCO2
     Chronic ΔHCO3-   ~= 0.5ΔPaCO2

Metabolic Acidosis

Elevated Anion Gap

Renal Failure
Diabetes Mellitus
Lactic Acidosis
Ketoacidosis

Starvation
Diabetes mellitus
Alcohol Associated
Glycogenosis I
Defects on gluconeogenesis

Toxins

Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
Paraldehyde

Normal Anion Gap

Hypokalemic Acidosis

Renal tubular acidosis

Proximal
Distal
Buffer deficiency

Phosphate
Ammonia

Diarrhea

Post-hypocapnic acidosis

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Acetazolamide
Mafenamide

Ureteral Diversions

Uretero-sigmoidostomy
Ileal bladder
Ileal ureter

Normal-Hyperkalemic Acidosis

Early acute renal failure
Hydronephrosis
Sulfur toxicity
Addition of HCl

NH4Cl
Arginine HCl
Lysine HCl


 

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