Atrial Fibrillation

Causes

Systemic

  • Hypoglycemia

  • Theophylline intoxication

  • Pneumonia

  • Acute asthma

  • Pulmonary embolus

  • COPD

  • Alcohol use

  • Alcohol withdrawal

  • Hyperthyroidism

Cardiac Disease

  • Left or right ventricular failure

  • Mitral valve disease (stenosis or regurgitation)

  • Pericarditis

  • LVH, hypertensive heart disease

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • Coronary artery disease

  • Atrial septal defect

  • Aortic stenosis

  • Infiltrative diseases (amyloidosis, cardiac tumor)

  • Post cardiac surgery

  • Acute myocardial infarction

No Underlying Disease

  • Lone atrial fibrillation

  • Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

  • Sick sinus syndrome

Medication Management

Anticoagulation

Warfarin:  for all patients unless contraindicated

Rate Control

Beta Blockers

  • Atenolol

  • Metoprolol


Calcium Channel Blockers

  • Diltiazem

  • Verapimil


Digitalis Preparations

  • Digoxin

  • Digitoxin

Acute Conversion

Cardioversion

Drugs

  • Amiodarone

  • Dofetilide

  • Flecainide

  • Ibutilide

  • Propafenone

  • Quinidine

Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm

Drugs

  • Amiodarone

  • Disopyramide

  • Propafenone

  • Sotalol

 

 

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