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Delirium
Peripheral Brain
Directory
Home
Reversible Causes of Mental Impairment
| |
Dementia |
Delirium |
Either or Both |
| Therapeutic Drug Intoxication |
|
|
Yes |
| Depression |
Yes |
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|
| Metabolic |
| Azotemia or renal failure (dehydration, diuretics, urinary
obstruction, hypokalemia |
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|
Yes |
| Hyponatremia (diuretics, excess antidiuretic hormone, salt
wasting, IV fluids |
|
|
Yes |
| Hypernatremia (dehydration, intravenous saline) |
|
Yes |
|
| Volume depletion (diuretics, bleeding, inadequate fluids,
heat related) |
|
|
Yes |
| Acid base disturbances |
|
Yes |
|
| Hypoglycemia (insulin, oral
hypoglycemics, starvation) |
|
|
Yes |
| Hyperglycemia (diabetic
ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma) |
|
Yes |
|
| Hepatic failure |
|
|
Yes |
| Hypothyroidism |
|
|
Yes |
| Hyperthyroidism (especially
apathetic) |
|
|
Yes |
| Hypercalcemia |
|
|
Yes |
| Cushing's Syndrome |
Yes |
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| Hypopituitarism |
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|
Yes |
| |
Dementia |
Delirium |
Either or Both |
| Infection, Fever, or Both |
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|
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| Viral |
|
|
Yes |
| Bacterial |
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Pneumonia |
|
Yes |
|
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Pyelonephritis |
|
Yes |
|
|
Cholecystitis |
|
Yes |
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Diverticulitis |
|
Yes |
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Tuberculosis |
|
|
Yes |
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Endocarditis |
|
|
Yes |
| Cardiovascular |
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|
|
| Acute myocardial infarction |
|
Yes |
|
| Congestive heart failure |
|
|
Yes |
| Arrhythmia |
|
|
Yes |
| Vascular occlusion |
|
|
Yes |
| Pulmonary embolism |
|
Yes |
|
| |
Dementia |
Delirium |
Either or Both |
| Brain Disorders |
|
|
|
| Vascular Insufficiency |
|
|
|
| TIA |
|
Yes |
|
| CVA |
|
|
Yes |
| Trauma |
|
|
|
|
Subdural hematoma |
|
|
Yes |
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Concussion/confusion |
|
Yes |
|
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage |
|
Yes |
|
|
Epidural hematoma |
|
Yes |
|
| Infection |
|
|
|
|
Acute meningitis (bacterial or viral) |
|
Yes |
|
|
Chronic meningitis (tuberculous, fungal) |
|
|
Yes |
|
Neurosyphilis |
|
|
Yes |
|
Subdural empyema |
|
|
Yes |
|
Brain Abscess |
|
|
Yes |
| Tumors |
|
|
|
|
Brain metastases |
|
|
Yes |
|
Primary brain tumor |
|
|
Yes |
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
Yes |
|
|
| Pain |
|
|
|
| Fecal Impaction |
|
|
Yes |
| Urinary Retention |
|
Yes |
|
| Fracture |
|
Yes |
|
| Surgical Abdomen |
|
Yes |
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| |
Dementia |
Delirium |
Either or Both |
| Sensory Deprivation States: blind, deaf |
|
|
Yes |
| Hospitalization |
|
|
|
| Anesthesia or surgery |
|
|
Yes |
| Environmental change and
isolation |
|
|
Yes |
| Intensive Care Unit |
|
Yes |
|
| Alcohol Toxic Reactions |
|
|
|
| Lifelong alcoholism |
Yes |
|
|
| Alcoholism new in old age |
|
|
Yes |
| Decreased tolerance with age
causing increasing intoxication |
|
|
Yes |
| Acute hallucinosis |
|
Yes |
|
| Delirium tremens |
|
Yes |
|
| Tumor- systemic effects of nonmetastatic malignant
neoplasm |
|
|
Yes |
| Chronic Lung Disease with hypoxia or hypercarbia |
|
|
Yes |
| Deficiencies of Nutrients: B12, folic acid, niacin |
Yes |
|
|
| Accidental Hypothermia |
|
Yes |
|
| Chemical Intoxications |
|
|
|
| Heavy metals: arsenic, lead,
mercury |
|
|
Yes |
| Consciousness altering agents |
|
|
Yes |
| Carbon monoxide |
|
|
Yes |
| Vasculitis |
|
|
|
| Temporal arteritis |
Yes |
|
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