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Rules of Evidence
and
Categories of Recommendations
Rules of Evidence
I: Evidence obtained from at lease one properly randomized
controlled trial
II-1: Evidence obtained from properly controlled
non-randomized trials
II-2: Evidence from well-designed cohort or case control
analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group
II-3: Evidence obtained from multiple time series studies
with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled
experiments (such as the results of the introduction of penicillin in the
1940s) could also be regarded as this type of evidence
III: Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical
experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees
Categories of Recommendations
A: There is good evidence to support the recommendation
B: There is fair evidence to support the recommendation
C: There is poor evidence regarding the inclusion or
exclusion of the recommendation, and may be made on other grounds
D. There is fair evidence to support excluding the
recommendation
E. There is good evidence to support excluding the
recommendation
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